Symptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease - 1598 Words

ntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 1991 [1]. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States [1]. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by Ixodes dammini. [3]. I. dammini is commonly known as and referred to as the deer tick. Lyme disease can affect many organ systems†¦show more content†¦Although a vaccine does exist, its cost and multiple doses needed to achieve immunity have limited its acceptability by the medical community [20, 21]. Antimicrobial therapy has been at the forefront of research in trying to identify if prophylactic treatment is necessary, what drug is most successful, and what dosing is most appropriate. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis In 1992 Shapiro et al. published their research informing providers prophylactic antimicrobial treatment is not routinely indicated [2] There were a total of 387 patients in the controlled trial, 203 patients assigned to receive amoxicillin and 182 were given a placebo [2]. Either 250mg of amoxicillin or a placebo was given to subjects three times a day for ten days. 15 subjects dropped out and 7 subjects had already shown positive serologic testing to B. burgdorferi and were therefore dismissed from the study [2]. Out of 173 subjects who received the placebo only two developed symptomatic infection with B. burgdorferi; whereas, none of the 192 subjects who were given amoxicillin showed any infection. They concluded the risk of actually becoming infected with B. burgdorferi is so small that the prophylactic use of antibiotics does not make a clinical significance and should not be used. The authors also indicated that most deer ticks are actually not infected with B. burgdorferi, whi chShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1454 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 1991 [1]. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States [1]. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme diseaseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1485 Words   |  6 Pagesspreading to become the most common vector-borne disease that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This â€Å"hidden pandemic†, known as Lyme disease, is silently infecting hundreds of thousands of United States citizens each year, and numbers of new and untreated infections continue to climb as traditional treatments fail and doctors misdiagnose the condition. Spread by tick bites, Lyme disease has affected many lives and continues to infect countlessRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1997 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Lyme Disease is the number one tick-borne disease in the United States and in Massachusetts. It is considered a vector disease because it is spread through the bite of a black-legged tick (also known as a deer tick) that carries the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme was first diagnosed in 1975 in Lyme, CT and the bacterium that causes Lyme was discovered in 1982 by Willy Burgdorfer (Todar, 2012, p. 1). Lyme disease spreads rapidly and can impact many different organ systemsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1770 Words   |  8 Pages Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Despite this, adequate prevention is lacking and treatment measures are sometimes inadequate. Vaccinations for Lyme disease developed in the late 1990’s have since been withdrawn from the market, and research is currently underway to create a new vaccine. Educational programs have proven to show an increase in protective behaviors to prevent tick bites and tick-borne illnesses through increased knowledge of repellent useRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1897 Words   |  8 PagesBackground: Definition of the condition: Lyme disease is named after the town of Old Lyme in Connecticut, where the first cases of Lyme disease (LD) were discovered in 1975. About twelve children, who lived in the same area of this town, were diagnosed with arthritis which was discovered to be caused by Lyme disease (Levi et al., 2012). In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer and his coworkers, established the link between ticks and the transmission of Borralis bacteria which is proven to resultRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1710 Words   |  7 PagesaIntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 19911. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States1. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme disease is causedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease2008 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes spp.). Early manifestations of infection include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. Left untreated, late manifestations involving the joints, heart, and nervous system can occur. A Healthy People 2010 objective (14-8) is to reduce the annual incidence of Lyme disease to 9.7 new cases per 100,000 population in 10Read MoreLong Term Antibiotic Treatment Of Persistent Symptoms Attributed Lyme Disease2057 Words   |  9 PagesThe research question of this study was to determine if longer-term antibiotic treatment of persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease resulted in a better outcome than shorter-term antibiotic treatment1. Evaluate the review of related research. How well did the authors provide a context for the current research in light of previous literature and gaps in current literature and knowledge? In the introduction, the authors indicate that previous randomized, clinical trials have not provided sufficientRead MoreLyme Disease : A Rapidly Spreading Infectious Disease1666 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Lyme disease is a rapidly spreading infectious disease in the United States, with over 25,000 confirmed cases in 2013.5 It was first discovered in the early-1970’s in the town of Lyme, Connecticut when a group of children started to present with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Some of these children presented with a rash and researchers connected the symptoms to occurring during peak tick season. By the mid-1970’s, the researchers began describing the symptoms and coining the term â€Å"Lyme disease†Read MoreA Research Paper On Lyme Disease1020 Words   |  5 PagesLyme Disease I chose to do my research paper on Lyme disease. During my research, I found a lot of interesting facts about Lyme disease. The disease is caused by bacteria, called Borrelia burgdorferi, which is only transmitted to humans when they are bitten by an infected tick. Lyme disease was first discovered in 1975, in Lyme, Connecticut, after a group of children were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This eventually led them to discover the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease

The State of Welfare Essay - 934 Words

The welfare system in the United States performs a wide variety of functions to assist people who have fallen onto hard times. Welfare programs are an evolution of the British Poor Laws whose roots lie in basic charity and the human ideology that one should aid those less fortunate. Today’s welfare system , being controlled by the state and federal governments are by no means perfect, but they do provide a more stable form of assistance so that the people of the United States know that if they fall into dire times, there is a safety net. As a government, of the people, for the people and by the people, it is only right that such a program should exist. As opposed to other countries in the past, the US government exists to serve its†¦show more content†¦Another agency that falls under the welfare umbrella of services is unemployment assistance. In Ohio, the program falls under the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (DJFS). When a person becomes unemploye d, DJFS can provide a multitude of services ranging from unemployment compensation in the form of temporary cash assistance, to Job search and placement programs. Today’s economic situation is not dissimilar to that of the Great Depression according to Economist Laura Tyson in an interview with CNN. The major differences lie in two major areas. One of the differences is the massive monetary influx to the economy due to government stimulus. Many people may not see how this has affected them, but were these measures not taken to stabilize the economy it is believed that things could have gotten much worse. Secondly, the unemployment services offered by the states is much more developed that in the past. Persons not able to find employment in their area are able to feed their family and sustain warmth and shelter thanks to unemployment benefits and other welfare programs such as TANF. Were these programs in place in the manner in which they are now during the 1930’ s it is likely that the number of impoverished and starving people during the great depression would have paled in comparison toShow MoreRelatedWelfare Of The Welfare State2608 Words   |  11 PagesThe welfare state in Britain as we know it today did not exist, looking back through the 18th and 19th Centuries many of the social welfare benefits that are available to Britain’s today were not even imaginable to the people at that time. Today much of the help that is available to those in the margins of society is seen as an obligation for the state to correct. However in the Elizabethan Era the attitudes towards welfare and the poor were very negative and unsympathetic. In this essay I will beRead MoreThe Debate Around Welfare And Welfare State2062 Words   |  9 PagesThe Debate around Welfare and Welfare State Greve (2008) discusses welfare as being derived from well fare, which has been historically related to happiness and prosperity. Deacon (2002) believes that it can include acts of altruism, and channels for the pursuit of self-interest, exercise of authority, transition to work, and moral regeneration. Welfare generally is believed to be the state of well-being of a person (Dolgoff et.al) This brings us to the concept of the welfare state, which accordingRead MoreThe Welfare State Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesTHE WELFARE STATE: The role and significance of the Beveridge Report in establishing the Welfare State in Britain. The purpose of this essay is to look at the long history of the Welfare State in Britain and the evolving social, economic and political changes in society today, as well as the birth of the Welfare State after the Second World War which was the turning point (watershed) in British History. The freshly appointed Labour government by then took on the job of setting up a ‘welfare state’Read MoreWelfare Of The United States998 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare is a subject of debate in the United States because everyone has a different point of view when it comes to the Social Security Act. On one side the rich may feel that the government takes from the rich, and gives to the poor. The poor on the other hand may believe that they are being forgotten and not helped enough by the government. Are the government financial assistance programs really working and helping people climb out of poverty or are they creating lazy people who depend on governmentRead MoreWelfare Of The Unite d States1351 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Research paper Since the dawn of the United States, our nation’s government has committed to helping its people to advance society and its general welfare. As early as 1785, America’s federal government reserved lands in the Articles of Confederation that would be set aside for the placement of schools and other establishments for the public domain. In 1789 the federal government acquired the responsibility of providing pensions to disabled veterans of the Revolutionary War. Later thatRead MoreWelfare Of The United States Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare in the United States began in the 1800’s when the colonies imported British Poor Laws. Before the Great Depression began in America, the government was already supporting certain programs such as the Civil War Pension Program was that passed in 1862 that gave aid to Civil War Veterans and their families. Once the Great Depression hit, unemployment rose and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, enacted the Social Security A ct in 1935. The act formed a number of programs that provided aid to a widerRead MoreAdvantages Of The Welfare State1864 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will look at why the NHS and welfare state was brought in. It will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of having a welfare state and the equalities of health within different social classes. The welfare state was developed in 1942 after The Beverage report (bbc.co.uk, 2016). In 1941, the government commissioned a report in the ways Britain should be re built after world war two, Beverage was the obvious choice to take charge of this. The Beverage report was then published in 1942Read MoreWelfare in the United States1758 Words   |  8 PagesWelfare in the United States Everyone has their own opinion about the welfare system in the United States. Some feel it is well-designed and other find it to be valueless. Some say it is an excuse for â€Å"the lazy† to not have to contribute to society, and use it as a source of income. Some even say the program isn’t utilized in the manner in which it was meant when established. Regardless of opinions, the welfare system was established to help those in a time of need. The United States, â€Å"TheRead MoreWelfare State Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare state – how was it and how it has changed. Welfare state is one of the most important political and economic concepts of the twentieth century. The welfare state is a place in which responsibility for the care of the public in matters such as welfare, health, education, housing and working takes the government. What Welfare state gives us? NHS In the 19th century, discussions were held on the availability of health care for the poorest. At the time visit of the doctors, or stay in the hospitalRead MoreThe Rise Of The Welfare State1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Rise of the Welfare State In America today, just over ten million people are on unemployment insurance, one hundred and ten million people are on welfare, and the total government spending annually is around one hundred and thirty billion dollars (Welfare Statistics). The welfare state is a political system based on the proposition that the government has the individual responsibility to ensure that the minimum standard of living is met for all citizens. Specifically, in the matters of health

Sustainability Accounting and Accountability †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Accounting and Accountability. Answer: Introduction In essence, sustainability reporting can be considered to be an important part of attainment of maintainable worldwide economy and this essentially has turn out to be a standard practice of businesses of this current era. As such, the way of sustainability recording can enhance overall liability of corporate procedure and therefore can increase trust, enable the procedure of value sharing process based on which a more cohesive community can be developed. Moving further, this study also elucidatesaccounting standard that can explain directives for sustainability recording and the accounting language that declares the regulations. Additionally, this study also aims to evaluate the case of Wesfarmers and systematically evaluates the sustainability reporting exercise in the corporation. Influence of standard AustralianAccounting Standards Board (AASB) essentially does not indicate towards the fact there is no specific responsibility that can be associated to maintenance of sustainability. Nevertheless, AASB is also mindful of obligations to reduce undesirable influences. Nevertheless, AASB essentially does not execute and handle any type of discretionary program, nonetheless, (Information Publication Scheme) (IPS) suggests to adjust the structure of information that can mainly respond to varied requests for accessibility. Annual report of particularly AASB mentions the fact that sustainability reporting on moneys of public sector sticks to explicit dictates of IPSASB announced by (Suggested Practice Guideline Reporting on Sustainability in the Long-Term of a particular Entitys Finances) during the FY2013. Therefore, announcements on sustainability can be witnessed as a process of delivering important info that can help patrons to evaluate financial, environmental in conjunction with soci al value of a business concern. In essence, this can be regarded as the triple bottom line process of reporting. In itself, sustainability reporting helps in delivering rough draft of specific values, morals, doctrines of corporation (Drever et al. 2012). Accounting Language As correctly put forward by Frias?Aceituno et al. (2014) the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants declared during 2006 and thereafter modified during 2008 was essentially declared byAccounting Professional as well as Ethical Standards Board also referred to as APESB. In essence, this essentially presents different requirements of business concerns to stick to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). In addition to this, survey conducted by KPMG indicates that maximum number of businesses necessarily implements GRI and makes use of different regulations for the purpose of sustainability reporting. Schlegelmilch (2016) opines that reporting structure of particularly Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) essentially serves intent as well as purpose of generally accepted structure for basically reporting on social performance, environmental, economic factors of a corporation. Moreover, GRI structure need to be used by different business concerns irrespective of size as well as location (Globalreporting.org 2017). Sustainability reporting can be reflected as a suggestively developing movement and there are definite leading companies that deliver superior revelations of varied non-financial information. Guidelines on Sustainability reporting requires detailed elucidation of the report content that yet again can help in warranting quality of provided information. Again, GRI framework also contains different indicator protocol indicating performance indicators stated in the directives (Tervonen and Kutvonen 2015). Addition to this, GRI reporting also helps in determining four different factors that need to be disclosed and considered. Particularly, these factors mentioned as per GRI reporting are inevitably inclusiveness of different stakeholders, completeness, materiality as well as suitable context of sustainability. So, reporting framework essentially assimilates economic, social and environmental factors for the purpose of reporting. As rightly indicated by Wagenhofer (2016) consideration of the factor of materiality refers to inclusion of particularly reasonableness as well as estimable impact, risks as well as returns identified by correct investigation by different individuals with noticed proficiency in this specific turf. Moreover, inclusion of identified stakeholders can be regarded as a significant factor of GRI structure. Furthermore, GRI framework also considers sustainability setting that essentially contains detailed comprehension regarding sustainable progress, objective along with reachable information alongside diverse proportions of sustainable development (Bebbington et al. 2014). Consequently, declarations of corporations essentially have the need to properly elucidate the way diverse sustainability topics can be linked to corporations plan, risks together with prospects. This too comprises of the completeness factor in which business concerns have the need to consider complete chain of businesses that is both upstream as well as downstream (Globalrepor ting.org. 2017). Analysis of the case of Wesfarmers Limited Essentially from the sustainability report of the firm Wesfarmers Limited, it can be hereby observed that the corporation continues to generate values for different future actions. However, in other words, it can be hereby said that the company Wesfarmers makes commitments towards proactive management of the community along with environmental influence. This can be broadly categorised as under: People: In this case, the management of Wesfarmers essentially believes in maintenance of relentless focus on delivering safe and secure place of work (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Moreover, diversity present at Wesfarmers also concentrates on creation of comprehensive work environment by special attention on diversity of gender in addition to inclusion of specific Aboriginal along with people of Torres Strait. Sourcing: Particularly, process of sourcing engages providers as well as ethical ways of sourcing that has to be considered by the corporation Wesfarmers Limited. Essentially, providers/suppliers also make commitment towards creating strong together with enduring relations with diverse suppliers/providers. Apart from this, ways of ethically sourcing intends to carry out the activity of sourcing in an accountable manner by closely working with different suppliers and enhancing social along with environmental exercises (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Community: As per the sustainability report of the firm, Wesfarmers Limited necessarily makes positive contribution towards the entire community by pledging towards deliverance of product safety in an effectual manner. Environment: According to the sustainability report, it can be hereby mentioned that the management of the firm Wesfarmers Limited attempts to lessen the overall emissions from the operations of the firm. In addition to this, the management also makes attempts to augment the resilience to alterations in the climatic conditions. Besides this, waste management and use of water for lessening the waste for specifically land filling as well as water use to the extent possible (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Governance: The management of the corporation Wesfarmers Limited intends to maintain vigorous corporate governance strategies in different aspects of business actions. The management Wesfarmers Limited pledges to generate value for different investors, societies along with employees employed in the corporation. Essentially, this business concern believes in generation of long-term value and serve the communities in best possible manner. As such, sustainability refers towards proper comprehension as well as management of the ways that can make certain appropriate execution of activities for creation of values in the close future (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Other than this, this business concern is also certain of minimizing carbon footprint from their operations and providing probable solutions by supporting clients as well as community all together. Again, this act can assist in unceasingly enhancing superior performance level as publicly reported in given yearly sustainability report. Wesfarmers Limited has improved transparency of different actions in the entire supply process in over and above 3200 workshops in specific audit activity. Again, corporation also focuses on principled sourcing such as maintenance of transparency in the supply chain. Again, this assists in solidification of the associations with different potential suppliers by warranting positivity in functional activities of the firm (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Issues that can be recognized in the sustainability reporting of Wesfarmers Limited The administration of Wesfarmers is dedicated to proactively handle entire community along with influence of the environment. The business concern Wesfarmers Limited necessarily follows ten significant notions that can be linked to diverse sustainability issues and considered material aspects. Nevertheless, evaluation of the sustainability declarations of the business concern replicates the fact that there are however room for enhancement for safety performance in addition to safety initiatives (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). As such, this indicates towards appropriate execution and observing of the nurse on call service, implementation of hazard identifying app, inspection of execution and performance of particularly Safety Activity Book and voluntary program such as Injury Care 1300 among many others. Unceasing enhancement of the current work safety activities can assist in lessening of fatigue linked to vehicle accidents. Management of corporation Wesfarmers essentially d elivers diverse opportunities to all the workers of Wesfarmers for augmentation of job performance and augmentation of career. In addition to this, the corporation also presently distributes around 59% of the entire wealth for the purpose of pay-out of wages along with salaries together with other perks as well as benefits to all the employees (Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Furthermore, the corporation Wesfarmers Limited also works towards resolving of issues of the relations of the workplace by procedure of maximization of diverse flexibility arrangements to the entire labour force as well as coverage under collective agreements. Sustainability declarations of the company Wesfarmers declares regarding positive influence of the corporation towards community particularly in which corporation operates and manner in which it consistently provides harmless products to different clients that adheres to Australian Consumer Law (Jianu et al. 2015). Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that sustainability pronouncements by different companies can create clearness, support market to operate ably, specify complete well-being of entire country and can direct towards overall progression of corporation towards maintainable along with all-encompassing growth rate. This study scrutinises standards of accounting that in turn can help in illustrating different decrees for sustainability pronouncements. Besides this, this report also expounds thoroughly impress of sustainability reporting, overall implication and consequence in conjunction with the important notions of sustainability reporting. Furthermore, this study also proposes helps in scrutinizing the operations of Wesfarmers and analytical assessment of sustainability reporting exercises in the corporation. References Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014. Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Drever, M., Stanton, P.A., McGowan, S.C., Raar, J., Sofocleous, S. and Ravlic, T., 2012. Contemporary issues in accounting. John Wiley Sons Australia. Frias?Aceituno, J.V., Rodrguez?Ariza, L. and Garcia?Snchez, I.M., 2014. Explanatory factors of integrated sustainability and financial reporting. Business strategy and the environment, 23(1), pp.56-72. Globalreporting.org. 2017. Global Reporting Initiative. [online] Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org [Accessed 15 May. 2017]. Jianu, I., ?urlea, C., and Gu?atu, I. 2015. The Reporting and Sustainable Business Marketing. Sustainability, 8(1), 23. Schlegelmilch, B. B. 2016. Global Marketing Ethics and CSR. In Global Marketing Strategy (pp. 195-220). Springer International Publishing. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. 2017. 2015.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://2015.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au Tervonen, N., and Kutvonen, A. 2015. Genuine Sustainability: Opportunity Cost and Outcome Uncertainties in Sustainability Development. In ISPIM Conference Proceedings (p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Wagenhofer, A. 2016. Exploiting regulatory changes for research in management accounting. Management Accounting Research, 31, 112-117.

Youth and the Tasks Ahead Questions and Answers Essay Example

Youth and the Tasks Ahead: Questions and Answers Paper Question and Answers of the Chapter Youth and the Tasks Ahead Q1. Why does the author say that people who belong to his post independence generation should not take independence for granted? We won our freedom after years of slavery and all this required great struggle and sacrifice. The author asks the post independence generation to take care to avoid being easy and complacent. They should not take independent for granted because its maintenance is a more onerous task than its attainment. Q2. The writer feels that the youth can be a great source of power to the nation. Why? Do you agree with him? Give reasons for your answer. The writer feels that the youth can be a great source of power to the nation. If this power be properly channelized and they are helped to follow idealism and energy without being aggressive they can greatly help strengthening their nation. They can then safeguard secularism and idealism on which a mighty nation is founded. I fully agree with the author. Indeed youth can be a great source of power to the country. They have to provide leadership in all fields of life. They have, however, to train and discipline themselves to attain the goal of nation building. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth and the Tasks Ahead: Questions and Answers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Youth and the Tasks Ahead: Questions and Answers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Youth and the Tasks Ahead: Questions and Answers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Q3. â€Å"†¦ †¦. A mere desire to be a service is not enough, it must be †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. † what are the abilities the writer feels the youth should be equipped with to be able to serve the nation? Accordingly to the writer, the youth must equipped themselves with physical , mental, moral and spiritual abilities. Discipline and teamsmenship are required for all those intending to join the defence forces. Then they must aim at and strive to get academic abilities of the highest order in this nuclear era and must not indulge in purposeless and disruptive pursuits. In addition, they must shun getting involved in partly politics and focus themselves on national development. They must also cultivate pure nationalism, patriotism and spirituality in order to be able to strive for peace and harmony among people following different faiths and religious. Q4. â€Å"Having muscles of iron and nerves of steel† means It means, â€Å"Being both physically fit and mentally strong†. Q5. Besides physical endurance. The author talks about three other qualities that are essential for the defence personnel. Which are they? According to the author, physical endurance is essential for the defence personnel. There are three other things, which the youth planning to join defence forces must have. These three things are the qualities of discipline, team spirit and corporate progress. Q6. â€Å"We live in a highly competitive age of science and technology and can no longer afford the luxury of mediocrity if we are to forge ahead. † By this sentence, the author means that. The author means that we must be intellectually superior to make progress in science and technology. Q7. According to the author, â€Å"those undergoing higher education constitude the privileged elite. † Why does he think so? And what does he expect them to do for the nation? The author rightly thinks that those undergoing higher education constitute the privileged elite. In a developing country like India, large number are still unable to acquire even primary education. The author is, therefore expecting them to repay their debt to society by not wasting a single moment of their academic life in futile or disruptive pursuits. On the other hand, they must do their best to become able and efficient in their respective fields of study so that they can serve the nation with greater ability and efficiency. Q8. The writer warns that the educated youth must keep themselves away from some futile pursuits. † What are the futile pursuits he is hinting at? In accordance with the author, the educated youth must concentrate solely on the service of the nation and in order to make assure that they can do it effectively, the author warns that they keep themselves away from some futile pursuits’. He is hinting at getting involved in party politics and dissuptive activities, which lead to wasting their precious time and energy. They must keep themselves away from intrigues and other such absurdities. Q9. What according to the writer is ‘crucial to the success of democracy’? According to the writer, the educated youth of India must cultivate patriotism, which goes beyond pettiness and exclusives. And they must also be able to work mainly for national unity and national progress and all this, according to the writer, will help removal of corrupt elements and favoritism from India and activate the progress of economic development which is virtually too crucial to the success of democracy. Q10. â€Å"All is contained in that one single advice†. Which advice of sri Aurobindo is the author referring to? The author is referring to the advice, which Aurobindo Ghosh gave to students of the Bengal National College. He urged them to do everything, including suffering themselves, to serve India. By way of refreshing to this advice, Dr. Karan Singh advises the educated youth to hold service of India dearer than everything else. According to the writer, the youth must work so that India may prosper and suffer so that India may rejoice. Q11. Why does the writer say that it is important to accept that all human beings are inherently divine? In accordance with the writer, it is important to accept all human beings as inherently divine for such acceptance raises the dignity of individual and cuts across all narrow barrerrs and distinctions and enables us to live together in peace. It also helps us fight courageously for our freedom. It gives humans wisdom enough to live in harmony without hatred and ill will for one another. Q12. â€Å"These may not be such to hit the newspaper headlines but it is solid and devoted activity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. a) What is the writer referring to in this line? b) What according to the writer will be the result of such an activity? Answers: a) In this line, the writer is referring to those numerous avenues that are always available to our youth for national service. b) The result of such activity will be the real service of the nation, which can truly build the fabric of a great country as India. Q13. The writer lists out a number of tasks that the youth can take up for the progress of the nation. How does he suggest these tasks could be accomplished? There are numerous tasks to be accomplished by our youth to be able to serve India effectively and according to the writer our youth will be able to accomplish these tasks if we organize a vast national youth movement transcending all political, communal, regional and linguistic diversities and than mobilize them for their success in all the dimensions. Q14. Do you agree with the statement made by the writer that ‘The younger generation today faces challenges graver than any with, which their forefathers were confronted’? We as free Indians are at a critical juncture in the history of our nation . I fully agree with what Dr. Karan Singh stated because our forefathers won freedom with great struggle and greater sacrifice. At present, our nation is suffering from narrow nationalism, nepotism and corruption which are threatening secularism and democracy and it is certainly a graver challenge at the face of our youth to fight with courage against these heavy odds since youth are full of bubbling enthusiasm and energy, they can do wonders and serve the nation by simply rising above party politics and desisting from getting indulged in such disruptive pursuits and by properly training themselves to overcome all challenges in fulfilling all the tasks ahead of them.